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ON the ground of some statements in the following treatise, which was published in 1689, it has been gravely argued that the author returned to the Presbyterianism of his early days before he died. 基于以下这篇发表于1689年的论文中的一些陈述，有人郑重地论证说，作者在去世前回归到了他早年的长老制（Presbyterianism）立场。
In the “Inquiry concerning Evangelical Churches,” (see vol. xv.), which forms the first part of this work, Owen states that he would “neither examine nor oppose the opinion” in favour of “a national church-state, arising from an association of the officers of particular churches, in several degrees, which they call classical and provincial.”—P. 262. 在《关于福音教会的探究》（见第十五卷）中，这构成本作品的第一部分，欧文（Owen）声明他将”既不审查也不反对”支持”一个国家教会体制的意见，这种体制产生于各个特定教会的圣职人员在不同层级上的联合，他们称之为区会和省会。”——第262页。
He declares, in his answer to Stillingfleet, that had the Presbyterian government been established at the Restoration “without a rigorous imposition of every thing supposed by any to belong thereto,” Presbyterians and Independents “would have been both to blame” if they had continued in a state of separation from each other. 他在对斯蒂林弗利特（Stillingfleet）的回答中宣称，如果长老制政体在王政复辟时被确立，”而没有严格强加任何人认为属于其中的每一件事”，那么长老会派和独立派”都该受责备”，如果他们继续处于彼此分离的状态。
“If it shall be asked, then,” he proceeds, “why they did not formerly agree in the Assembly? I answer,—(1.) I was none of them, and cannot tell; (2.) They did agree in my judgment well enough, if they could have thought so; and further I am not concerned in the difference.”—P. 433. “那么，如果有人会问，”他继续说，”为什么他们从前在议会中不能达成一致？我回答，——（1.）我不是他们中的一员，不能说；（2.）在我的判断中，他们已经同意得够好了，如果他们能这样想的话；而且我进一步不关心这个分歧。”——第433页。
The author of the anonymous memoir prefixed to Marshall’s edition of his Sermons remarks, “He was of so healing a temper, that I heard him say before a person of quality and others, that he could readily join with Presbytery as it was exercised in Scotland.” 在马歇尔（Marshall）版本的他的讲道集前面的匿名回忆录作者评论说，”他具有如此医治和睦的性情，我听到他在一位尊贵人士和其他人面前说，他可以欣然加入苏格兰所实行的长老制。”
In his MSS. Analecta, under date 1716, the historian Wodrow records the following statement:—”Mr George Redpath told me two or three years ago, when in Edinburgh, that he visited Dr Owen on his deathbed, and Presbytery and Episcopacy came to be discoursed of; and the Doctor said how he had seen his mistake as to the Independent way, and declared to him a day or two before his death, that, after his utmost search into the Scriptures and antiquity, he was now satisfied that Presbytery was the way Christ had appointed in his new testament church.” 历史学家沃德罗（Wodrow）在他手稿《文集》（Analecta）中，1716年的日期下记录了以下陈述：——”乔治·雷德帕斯先生（Mr George Redpath）在两三年前，当他在爱丁堡时告诉我，他探访了临终的欧文博士，谈论到了长老制和主教制；博士说他如何看到了自己关于独立派方式的错误，并在他去世前一两天向他宣告，经过他对圣经和古代教会的极力查考，他现在确信长老制是基督在祂新约教会中所指定的方式。”
If we add, that on the subject of the ruling elder (see chapter 7 of the following treatise) the views of Owen are in perfect harmony with Presbyterianism, and that, under certain qualifications, he contends for the lawfulness and authority of synods, we exhaust the evidence that in his last days he was more of a Presbyterian than an Independent. 如果我们再加上，在治理长老（参见以下论文的第7章）的主题上，欧文的观点与长老制完全和谐，而且在某些限定条件下，他主张会议（synods）的合法性和权威，我们就穷尽了证据，证明他在晚年更像一个长老会派而非独立派。
Table of Contents 目录
PREFATORY NOTE BY THE EDITOR 编者序言
The Preface to the Reader 致读者的序言
CHAP. I.—The subject-matter of the church 第一章——教会的本质
CHAP. II.—Of the formal cause of a particular church 第二章——论特定教会的形式因
CHAP. III.—Of the polity, rule, or discipline, of the church in general 第三章——论教会整体的政体、规则或纪律
CHAP. IV.—The officers of the church 第四章——教会的圣职人员
CHAP. V.—The especial duty of pastors of churches 第五章——教会牧师的特殊职责
CHAP. VI.—Of the office of teachers in the churc 第六章——论教会中教师的职分