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It was inevitable that the energy of the Church in intellectually realizing and defining its doctrines in relation to one another, should first be directed towards the objective side of Christian truth.

教会在理智上认识和界定其教义彼此之间关系的精力，不可避免地首先被导向基督教真理的客观方面。

The chief controversies of the first four centuries and the resulting definitions of doctrine, concerned the nature of God and the person of Christ; and it was not until these theological and Christological questions were well upon their way to final settlement, that the Church could turn its attention to the more subjective side of truth.

前四个世纪的主要争论以及由此产生的教义界定，涉及神的本性和基督的位格；直到这些神学和基督论的问题很好地走向最终解决之后，教会才能将其注意力转向真理更主观的一面。

Meanwhile she bore in her bosom a full recognition, side by side, of the freedom of the will, the evil consequences of the fall, and the necessity of divine grace for salvation.

与此同时，她在其怀中完全承认，并列地承认意志的自由、堕落的邪恶后果，以及神圣恩典对救恩的必要性。

Individual writers, or even the several sections of the Church, might exhibit a tendency to throw emphasis on one or another of the elements that made up this deposit of faith that was the common inheritance of all.

个别作家，甚至教会的若干派别，可能表现出一种倾向，强调构成这一信仰宝藏的某一个或另一个要素，而这信仰宝藏是所有人的共同遗产。

The East, for instance, laid especial stress on free will: and the West dwelt more pointedly on the ruin of the human race and the absolute need of God’s grace for salvation.

例如，东方特别强调自由意志：而西方更明确地详述人类的败坏和对神恩典的绝对需要以得救。

But neither did the Eastern theologians forget the universal sinfulness and need of redemption, or the necessity, for the realization of that redemption, of God’s gracious influences; nor did those of the West deny the self-determination or accountability of men.

但东方神学家既没有忘记普世的罪性和救赎的需要，或神的恩慈影响对实现那救赎的必要性；西方的神学家也没有否认人的自我决定或责任。

All the elements of the composite doctrine of man were everywhere confessed; but they were variously emphasized, according to the temper of the writers or the controversial demands of the times.

关于人的复合教义的所有要素在各处都被承认；但它们被不同地强调，根据作者的性情或时代的争论需求。

Such a state of affairs, however, was an invitation to heresy, and a prophecy of controversy; just as the simultaneous confession of the unity of God and the Deity of Christ, or of the Deity and the humanity of Christ, inevitably carried in its train a series of heresies and controversies, until the definitions of the doctrines of the Trinity and of the person of Christ were complete.

然而，这样的事态是对异端的邀请，也是争论的预言；正如同时承认神的独一性和基督的神性，或基督的神性和人性，不可避免地在其后带来一系列的异端和争论，直到三一论和基督位格的教义定义完成。

In like manner, it was inevitable that sooner or later some one should arise who would so one-sidedly emphasize one element or the other of the Church’s teaching as to salvation, as to throw himself into heresy, and drive the Church, through controversy with him, into a precise definition of the doctrines of free will and grace in their mutual relations.

同样地，不可避免的是，迟早会有人兴起，如此片面地强调教会关于救恩教导的某一个要素或另一个要素，以至于使自己陷入异端，并通过与他的争论，推动教会对自由意志和恩典在其相互关系中的教义作出精确的界定。

Table of Contents

目录

Part I: The Origin & Nature of Pelagianism

第一部分：伯拉纠主义的起源与本质

Part II; The External History of the Pelagian Controversy

第二部分：伯拉纠争论的外部历史

Part III: Augustine’s Part in The Controversy

第三部分：奥古斯丁在争论中的角色

Part IV: The Theology of Grace

第四部分：恩典神学