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In An Answer to a Challenge Made by a Jesuit in Ireland, Archbishop James Ussher—one of the most formidable defenders of the Protestant cause in the 17th century—offers a masterful response to Roman Catholic polemics in one of the most volatile religious contexts of the early modern era: post-Reformation Ireland.
在《对爱尔兰耶稣会士挑战的回答》中，詹姆斯·乌舍尔大主教——十七世纪新教事业最强大的捍卫者之一——在早期现代时代最动荡的宗教背景之一：宗教改革后的爱尔兰，对罗马天主教的论战提供了一个精湛的回应。
This book is not a casual exchange but a robust defense of the faith once delivered to the saints (Jude 3), exposing the doctrinal innovations of Rome by appealing to Scripture and the testimony of the early Church.
这本书不是随意的交锋，而是对从前一次交付圣徒的真道的有力辩护（犹大书3节），藉着诉诸圣经和早期教会的见证，揭露罗马的教义革新。
Sparked by a Jesuit’s pointed question—”How can your religion be true if it denies many chief articles held by the Fathers of the Primitive Church?”—Ussher rises to the occasion with theological precision, historical insight, and pastoral urgency.
由一位耶稣会士尖锐的问题引发——”如果你们的宗教否认初代教会教父们所持守的许多主要信条，它怎能是真的？”——乌舍尔以神学的精确性、历史的洞察力和牧养的紧迫性应对这个场合。
He begins by addressing the false premise that the Roman Catholic Church’s modern doctrines faithfully reflect the consensus of the early Church.
他首先解决罗马天主教会的现代教义忠实地反映早期教会共识这一错误前提。
Instead, Ussher shows that Rome has preserved only the external forms while abandoning the original substance of apostolic doctrine.
相反，乌舍尔显明罗马只保留了外在形式，却抛弃了使徒教义的原初实质。
Across chapters that deal with topics such as tradition, the real presence, auricular confession, purgatory, prayer for the dead, images, free will, and merit, Ussher painstakingly surveys the Church Fathers and sets them alongside the clear teaching of Scripture.
在处理诸如传统、真实临在、耳边告解、炼狱、为死者祷告、偶像、自由意志和功德等主题的各章中，乌舍尔煞费苦心地考察教父们，并将他们与圣经清晰的教导并列。
His conclusion is unwavering: Rome has departed from both Scripture and the true catholicity it claims.
他的结论是坚定不移的：罗马已经偏离了圣经和它所宣称的真正大公性。
Ussher does not merely refute Rome—he builds up the faithful.
乌舍尔不仅仅驳斥罗马——他建立信徒。
He affirms the authority of Holy Scripture as the Church’s only infallible rule (WCF 1.6), calling believers to stand firm on the foundation laid by the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone (Eph. 2:20).
他确认圣经的权威是教会唯一无误的准则（威斯敏斯特信条1.6），呼召信徒坚定地站立在使徒和先知所立的根基上，基督耶稣自己为房角石（以弗所书2:20）。
This work is as much a doctrinal treatise as it is a devotional exhortation to return to the simplicity and power of the gospel of grace.
这部作品既是一部教义论著，也是一个灵修劝勉，要回到恩典福音的单纯和能力。
Key Features:
主要特点：
A clear Protestant rebuttal to Roman Catholic claims of continuity with the early Church.
对罗马天主教宣称与早期教会连续性的清晰新教驳斥。
Systematic analysis of twelve major doctrines where Rome diverges from apostolic Christianity.
对罗马偏离使徒基督教的十二个主要教义的系统分析。
Rich quotations from patristic sources (in the original Latin or Greek where available), with marginal citations for scholarly verification.
来自教父资料的丰富引文（在可获得的情况下保留原始拉丁文或希腊文），附有边注引证供学术验证。
A defense of sola Scriptura, highlighting the sufficiency and finality of God’s Word.
对唯独圣经的辩护，强调神话语的充分性和终极性。
A powerful example of confessional Protestant apologetics, grounded in the theology of the Church of England’s 1562 Articles.
信条性新教护教学的有力范例，根植于英格兰教会1562年信条的神学。
Ideal for:
适合：
Pastors and students of historical theology
牧师和历史神学学生
Readers seeking to understand the core differences between Protestant and Roman Catholic doctrine
寻求理解新教和罗马天主教教义核心差异的读者
Defenders of the faith engaged in apologetics
从事护教工作的信仰捍卫者
Church history enthusiasts and seminarians
教会历史爱好者和神学生
Reformed Christians seeking deeper confidence in the heritage of biblical orthodoxy
寻求对圣经正统传统更深信心的改革宗基督徒
Quote from the Author:
作者引言：
“They have only the shell without the kernel, and we the kernel without the shell: they having retained certain words and rites of the ancient Church, but applied them to a newly invented doctrine.”
“他们只有壳而没有核，而我们有核却没有壳：他们保留了古代教会的某些词语和仪式，却将它们应用于新发明的教义。”
Conclusion:
结论：
James Ussher’s Answer to a Challenge is more than a polemic—it is a faithful call to doctrinal integrity, historical discernment, and biblical clarity.
詹姆斯·乌舍尔的《对挑战的回答》不仅仅是一篇论战——它是对教义完整性、历史辨别力和圣经清晰性的忠实呼召。
Rooted in love for Christ and his Church, Ussher arms the reader not only with arguments, but with the enduring conviction that the truth of the gospel does not need novelty or tradition to uphold it—only the Word of God rightly divided.
根植于对基督和祂教会的爱，乌舍尔不仅用论证装备读者，而且用持久的确信装备读者，即福音的真理不需要新奇或传统来支撑它——只需要正确分解的神的话语。
TABLE OF CONTENTS
目录
TO HIS MOST SACRED MAJESTY
致至圣陛下
TO THE READER.
致读者
- THE JESUITS’ CHALLENGE.
- 耶稣会士的挑战
- AN ANSWER TO THE FORMER CHALLENGE.
- 对前述挑战的回答
- OF TRADITIONS.
- 论传统
- OF THE REAL PRESENCE.
- 论真实临在
- OF CONFESSION.
- 论告解
- OF THE PRIESTS’ POWER TO FORGIVE SINS.
- 论祭司赦罪的权力
- OF PURGATORY.
- 论炼狱
- OF PRAYER FOR THE DEAD.
- 论为死者祷告
- OF LIMBUS PATRUM; AND CHRIST’S DESCENT INTO HELL.
- 论古圣所；以及基督降在阴间
- OF PRAYER TO SAINTS.
- 论向圣徒祷告
- OF IMAGES.
- 论偶像
- OF FREE WILL.
- 论自由意志
- OF MERITS.
- 论功德