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Translation Henry Beveridge, Esq
亨利·贝弗里奇先生译
Edinburgh: Printed for The Calvin Translation Society, 1845, 2067 pages
爱丁堡：加尔文翻译协会印行，1845年，2067页
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John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion, translated by Henry Beveridge, is widely regarded as one of the most profound and influential works in the history of Christian theology.
约翰·加尔文的《基督教要义》，由亨利·贝弗里奇翻译，被广泛认为是基督教神学史上最深刻和最具影响力的著作之一。
Written as a systematic exposition of Reformed theology, the Institutes stands as a cornerstone of Protestant thought, offering an in-depth explanation of key doctrines that continue to shape Christian theology today.
作为一部系统阐述改革宗神学的著作，《基督教要义》是新教思想的基石，对持续塑造当今基督教神学的关键教义进行了深入解释。
First published in 1536 and later expanded by Calvin, this monumental work serves not only as a theological textbook but also as a devotional guide, aimed at instructing believers in the knowledge of God and the Christian life.
这部不朽的著作于1536年首次出版，后经加尔文扩充，它不仅是一部神学教科书，也是一部灵修指南，旨在教导信徒认识神和过基督徒的生活。
This masterwork is divided into four main books, each dealing with essential theological themes.
这部巨著分为四卷，每卷都探讨了基本的神学主题。
Book One addresses the knowledge of God as Creator and the nature of mankind, emphasizing how true knowledge of God and self are interconnected.
第一卷论述了作为创造者的神的知识以及人性的本质，强调了对神的真知识和对自我的真知识是如何相互关联的。
Calvin opens by asserting that a true understanding of God leads us to a clearer understanding of our own frailty and need for divine grace.
加尔文开篇断言，对神的真正理解会引导我们更清楚地认识到我们自身的软弱和对神恩典的需要。
The discussions of God’s sovereignty, the authority of Scripture, and the revelation of God in creation serve as the foundation for all subsequent teachings.
关于神的至高主权、圣经的权威以及神在创造中的启示的讨论，构成了所有后续教导的基础。
Book Two explores the knowledge of God as Redeemer, particularly through the person and work of Jesus Christ.
第二卷探讨了作为救赎者的神的知识，特别是通过耶稣基督的位格和工作。
Calvin carefully outlines the doctrine of human sin, original sin inherited from Adam, and the fall of mankind.
加尔文仔细概述了人类罪的教义、从亚当遗传下来的原罪以及人类的堕落。
He expounds on the need for salvation and the role of Jesus Christ as the Mediator.
祂阐述了救恩的必要性以及耶稣基督作为中保的角色。
This book contains rich expositions on the moral law, the purpose of the Old Testament, and how the coming of Christ fulfills the promises of redemption.
本书包含了对道德律、旧约的目的以及基督的降临如何应验救赎应许的丰富阐释。
In Book Three, Calvin examines how we receive the grace of Christ, with particular focus on faith, justification, and sanctification.
在第三卷中，加尔文考察了我们如何领受基督的恩典，特别关注信心、称义和成圣。
This section has greatly influenced Protestant teachings on salvation, particularly with Calvin’s articulation of sola fide (justification by faith alone).
这一部分极大地影响了新教关于救恩的教导，特别是加尔文对唯独信心称义 (sola fide) 的阐述。
Here, Calvin also provides in-depth discussions on the role of the Holy Spirit, prayer, and Christian freedom.
在此，加尔文还深入探讨了圣灵的角色、祷告和基督徒的自由。
His powerful treatment of predestination, one of the most debated sections of the Institutes, highlights the sovereign grace of God in salvation.
他对预定论的有力论述，是《基督教要义》中最具争议的部分之一，突出了神在救恩中的至高恩典。
Book Four is devoted to the external means through which God invites believers into the society of Christ and preserves them within it, focusing on the church and sacraments.
第四卷致力于探讨神借以邀请信徒进入基督的团契并在其中保守他们的外在途径，重点关注教会和圣礼。
Calvin presents a robust doctrine of the church, emphasizing its role as the mother of all believers and the necessity of unity with the true church.
加尔文提出了一个健全的教会教义，强调其作为所有信徒之母的角色以及与真教会合一的必要性。
He critiques the errors of Roman Catholicism, particularly with regard to the sacraments, and offers a clear Reformed perspective on baptism and the Lord’s Supper.
祂批判了罗马天主教的错误，特别是在圣礼方面，并对洗礼和圣餐提出了清晰的改革宗观点。
This book also includes Calvin’s thoughts on church governance and the authority of civil government.
本书还包括加尔文关于教会治理和民事政府权柄的思想。
Calvin’s writing is clear, passionate, and pastoral, aiming not only to instruct but to deepen the reader’s faith and love for God.
加尔文的写作清晰、充满热情且具有牧养性，其目的不仅在于教导，还在于加深读者对神的信心和爱。
The Institutes is a theological treasure trove for scholars and laypeople alike, offering profound insights into Christian doctrines such as the nature of God, salvation, and the Christian life.
《基督教要义》对学者和普通信徒而言都是一个神学宝库，它对神的本质、救恩和基督徒生活等基督教教义提供了深刻的见解。
The careful balance of doctrine and devotion in Calvin’s writing has made this work one of the most enduring and influential pieces of Christian literature ever written.
加尔文著作中教义与灵修的审慎平衡，使这部作品成为有史以来最具持久力和影响力的基督教文献之一。
Its blend of theological rigor, biblical exegesis, and pastoral application ensures its relevance to believers in every generation.
其神学严谨性、圣经释经和教牧应用的结合，确保了它对每一代信徒的现实意义。
For those drawn to theology, history, and a deeper understanding of their faith, Calvin’s Institutes is an indispensable resource.
对于那些被神学、历史以及对信仰更深理解所吸引的人来说，加尔文的《基督教要义》是不可或缺的资源。
It is a work that has shaped the Protestant Reformation and continues to influence Christian thought today.
这是一部塑造了新教改革并持续影响当今基督教思想的著作。
With its comprehensive treatment of key theological issues, it is no surprise that the Institutes remains one of the best pieces of Christian literature ever written.
由于其对关键神学问题的全面论述，《基督教要义》仍然是有史以来最优秀的基督教文献之一，这不足为奇。
Short Bio of the Author:
作者简介：
John Calvin (1509–1564) was a French theologian, pastor, and reformer whose writings and teachings became foundational for Reformed theology.
约翰·加尔文（1509-1564）是一位法国神学家、牧师和改革家，其著作和教导成为改革宗神学的基础。
A key figure in the Protestant Reformation, Calvin’s influence extended far beyond his home in Geneva, shaping the development of Reformed churches throughout Europe.
作为新教改革的关键人物，加尔文的影响远远超出了他在日内瓦的家，塑造了整个欧洲改革宗教会的发展。
His Institutes of the Christian Religion and numerous biblical commentaries remain essential reading for those studying Christian theology.
祂的《基督教要义》和众多圣经注释仍然是研究基督教神学者的必读之作。
Calvin’s emphasis on the sovereignty of God, the authority of Scripture, and the doctrine of predestination have left an indelible mark on Christian thought.
加尔文对神的至高主权、圣经的权威以及预定论的强调，在基督教思想上留下了不可磨灭的印记。
His legacy continues to be felt in Reformed churches worldwide.
祂的遗产至今仍在世界各地的改革宗教会中被感受到。
Table of Contents
目录
Introductory Notice
引言
Original Translator’s Preface
原译者序
Prefatory Address to King Francis I of France.
致法兰西国王弗朗索瓦一世的献词。
Epistle to the Reader
致读者书
Method and Arrangement. By Gaspar Olevian.
方法与编排。作者：加斯帕·奥利维安。
BOOK I. THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOD THE CREATOR.
第一卷 认识神是创造者。
The Knowledge of God and That of Ourselves Are Connected. How They are Interrelated.
认识神与认识我们自己是相关的。它们如何相互关联。
What it is to Know God, and to What Purpose the Knowledge of Him Tends.
认识神是什么，以及认识祂的目的何在。
The Knowledge of God Has Been Naturally Implanted in the Minds of Men.
认识神的天性已植根于人的心中。
This Knowledge is Either Smothered of Corrupted, Partly by Ignorance, Partly by Malice.
这种知识或被窒息或被败坏，部分是由于无知，部分是由于恶意。
The Knowledge of God Shines Forth in the Fashioning of the Universe and the Continuing Government of It.
神的知识在宇宙的塑造和持续的治理中彰显出来。
Scripture is Needed as Guide and Teacher for Anyone Who Would Come to God the Creator.
凡愿来到创造者神面前的人，都需要圣经作为指引和教师。
Scripture Must Be Confirmed by the Witness of the Spirit. Thus May Its Authority Be Established as Certain; and It is a Wicked Falsehood that Its Credibility Depends on the Judgment of the Church.
圣经必须由圣灵的见证来证实。因此，它的权威可以被确立为确定的；并且，它的可信度取决于教会的判断，这是一个邪恶的谎言。
So Far as Human Reason Goes, Sufficiently Firm Proofs Are At Hand to Establish the Credibility of Scripture.
就人类理性而言，有足够坚实的证据可以确立圣经的可信度。
Fanatics, Abandoning Scripture and Flying Over to Revelation, Cast Down All the Principles of Godliness.
狂热分子，抛弃圣经，飞向启示，推翻了敬虔的一切原则。
Scripture, to Correct All Superstition, Has Set the True God Alone Over Against All the Gods of the Heathen.
圣经为了纠正一切迷信，将独一的真神置于所有外邦神之上。
It is Unlawful to Attribute a Visible Form to God, and Generally Whoever Sets Up Idols Revolts Against the True God.
将可见的形像归于神是不合法的，并且通常凡设立偶像的人都是背叛真神的。
How God Is to Be So Distinguished from Idols that Perfect Honor May Be Given to Him Alone.
神如何与偶像区分开来，以致唯独祂能得着完全的尊荣。
In Scripture, from the Creation Onward, We Are Taught One Essence of God, Which Contains Three Persons.
在圣经中，从创造开始，我们就受教神的独一本质，其中包含三个位格。
Even in the Creation of the Universe and of All Things, Scripture by Unmistakable Marks Distinguishes the True God from False Gods.
即使在宇宙万物的创造中，圣经也以明确无误的标记将真神与假神区分开来。
Discussion of Human Nature as Created, of the Faculties of the Soul, of the Image of God, of Free Will, and of the Original Integrity of Man’s Nature.
论受造的人性、灵魂的官能、神的形象、自由意志以及人性的原始完整性。
God by His Power Nourishes and Maintains the World Created by Him, and Rules Its Several Parts by His Providence.
神以祂的能力滋养并维持祂所创造的世界，并以祂的护理统治其各个部分。
How We May Apply This Doctrine to Our Greatest Benefit.
我们如何才能将此教义应用于我们最大的益处。
God So Uses the Works of the Ungodly, and So Bends Their Minds to Carry Out His Judgments, that He Remains Pure from Every Stain.
神如此使用不敬虔之人的作为，并如此扭转他们的心意来执行祂的审判，以致祂仍然纯洁无瑕。
BOOK II. THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOD THE REDEEMER IN CHRIST, FIRST DISCLOSED TO THE FATHERS UNDER THE LAW, AND THEN TO US IN THE GOSPEL. 1. By the Fall and Revolt of Adam the Whole Human Race Was Delivered to the Curse, and Degenerated from Its Original Condition; the Doctrine of Original Sin.
第二卷 认识基督里的救赎主神，首先在律法下向先祖们显明，然后在福音中向我们显明。1. 因亚当的堕落和背叛，全人类都遭受咒诅，并从其原始状态败坏；原罪的教义。
Man Has Now Been Deprived of Freedom of Choice and Bound Over to Miserable Servitude.
人如今已被剥夺了选择的自由，并被捆绑于悲惨的奴役之中。
Only Damnable Things Come Forth from Man’s Corrupt Nature.
从人败坏的本性中，只会产生可咒诅的事物。
How God Works in Men’s Hearts.
神如何在人心中作工。
Refutation of the Objections Commonly Put Forward in Defense of Free Will.
驳斥为自由意志辩护而通常提出的反对意见。
Fallen Man Ought to Seek Redemption in Christ.
堕落的人应当在基督里寻求救赎。
The Law Was Given, Not to Restrain the Folk of the Old Covenant Under Itself, but to Foster Hope of Salvation in Christ Until His Coming.
律法的赐下，并非要将旧约的百姓约束在它之下，而是要在基督降临之前，在基督里培养救恩的盼望。
Explanation of the Moral Law (the Ten Commandments).
道德律（十诫）的解释。
Christ, Although He Was Known to the Jews Under the Law, Was at Length Clearly Revealed Only in the Gospel.
基督虽然在律法之下为犹太人所知，但最终只有在福音中才清晰地显明出来。
The Similarity of the Old and New Testaments.
旧约与新约的相似之处。
The Difference Between the Two Testaments.
两约之间的差异。
Christ Had to Become Man in Order to Fulfill the Office of Mediator.
基督必须成为人，才能履行中保的职分。
Christ Assumed the True Substance of Human Flesh.
基督取了人肉身的真实本质。
How the Two Natures of the Mediator Make One Person.
中保的两种本性如何构成一个位格。
To Know the Purpose for Which Christ Was Sent by the Father, and What He Conferred Upon Us, We Must Look Above All at Three Things in Him: the Prophetic Office, Kingship, and Priesthood.
要知道父差遣基督的目的，以及祂所赐给我们的一切，我们首先必须在祂身上看到三件事：先知职分、君王职分和祭司职分。
How Christ Has Fulfilled the Function of Redeemer to Acquire Salvation for Us. Here, Also, His Death and Resurrection Are Discussed, as Well as His Ascent Into Heaven.
基督如何履行了救赎主的职能，为我们获得救恩。此处也讨论了祂的死与复活，以及祂的升天。
Christ Rightly and Properly Said to Have Merited God’s Grace and Salvation for Us.
基督理当且适当地被称为为我们赚取了神的恩典和救恩。
BOOK III. THE WAY IN WHICH WE RECEIVE THE GRACE OF CHRIST: WHAT BENEFITS COME TO US FROM IT, AND WHAT EFFECTS FOLLOW. 1. The Things Spoken Concerning Christ Profit Us by the Secret Working of the Spirit.
第三卷 我们领受基督恩典的方式：我们从中得到什么益处，以及随之而来的是什么果效。1. 关于基督所说的事，借着圣灵隐秘的作为使我们受益。
Faith: Its Definition Set Forth, and Its Properties Explained.
信心：阐明其定义，并解释其特性。
3 Our Regeneration by Faith: Repentance.
3 我们因信重生：悔改。
How Far from the Purity of the Gospel Is All That the Sophists in Their Schools Prate About Repentance; Discussion of Confession and Satisfaction.
诡辩家们在他们学派中喋喋不休地谈论悔改的一切，与福音的纯洁相去何远；讨论认罪和补赎。
The Supplements That They Add to Satisfactions, Namely, Indulgences and Purgatory.
他们在补赎上附加的补充，即大赦和炼狱。
The Life of the Christian Man; and First, by What Arguments Scripture Urges Us to It.
基督徒的生活；首先，圣经用什么论据敦促我们过这种生活。
The Sum of the Christian Life: The Denial of Ourselves.
基督徒生活的总纲：舍己。
Bearing the Cross, a Part of Self-denial.
背负十字架，舍己的一部分。
Meditation on the Future Life.
默想来生。
How We Must Use the Present Life and Its Helps.
我们必须如何使用今生及其帮助。
Justification by Faith: First the Definition of the Word and of the Matter.
因信称义：首先是词语和实质的定义。
We Must Lift Up Our Minds to God’s Judgment Seat that We May Be Firmly Convinced of His Free Justification.
我们必须将我们的心提升到神的审判台前，以便我们能坚定地相信祂白白的称义。
Two Things to Be Noted in Free Justification.
在白白称义中需要注意的两件事。
The Beginning of Justification and Its Continual Progress.
称义的开始及其持续的进展。
Boasting About the Merits of Works Destroys Our Praise of God for Having Bestowed Righteousness, as Well as Our Assurance of Salvation.
夸耀行为的功德，既破坏了我们对神赐予公义的赞美，也破坏了我们对救恩的确据。
Refutation of the False Accusations by Which the Papists Try to Cast Odium Upon This Doctrine.
驳斥罗马天主教徒 (Papists) 试图以此教义招致憎恶的虚假指控。
The Agreement of the Promises of the Law and of the Gospel.
律法应许与福音应许的一致性。
Works Righteousness Is Wrongly Inferred from Reward.
从奖赏中错误地推断出行为称义。
Christian Freedom.
基督徒的自由。
Prayer, Which is the Chief Exercise of Faith, and by Which We Daily Receive God’s Benefits.
祷告，这是信心的主要操练，借此我们每日领受神的恩惠。
Eternal Election, by Which God Has Predestined Some to Salvation, Others to Destruction.
永恒的拣选，神借此预定了有些人得救，有些人灭亡。
Confirmation of This Doctrine from Scriptural Testimonies.
从圣经见证中证实此教义。
Refutation of the False Accusations with Which This Doctrine Has Always Been Unjustly Burdened.
驳斥此教义一直以来所不公正地承受的虚假指控。
Election Is Confirmed by God’s Call; Moreover, the Wicked Bring Upon Themselves the Just Destruction to Which They Are Destined.
拣选由神的呼召所证实；此外，恶人自招他们注定的公义毁灭。
The Final Resurrection.
最终的复活。
BOOK IV. THE EXTERNAL MEANS OR AIDS BY WHICH GOD INVITES US INTO THE SOCIETY OF CHRIST AND HOLDS US THEREIN.
第四卷 神借以邀请我们进入基督的团契并在其中持守我们的外在途径或帮助。
Of the true Church. Duty of cultivating unity with her, as the mother of all the godly.
论真教会。培养与她合一的责任，因为她是所有敬虔之人的母亲。
Comparison between the false church and the true.
假教会与真教会的比较。
Of the teachers and ministers of the Church. Their election and office.
论教会的教师和牧师。他们的拣选和职分。
Of the state of the primitive Church, and the mode of government in use before the papacy.
论初期教会的状况，以及教皇制出现之前的治理模式。
The ancient form of government utterly corrupted by the tyranny of the papacy.
古代的治理形式被教皇制的暴政彻底败坏。
Of the primacy of the Romish see.
论罗马教廷的至高权力。
Of the beginning and rise of the Romish papacy till it attained a height by which the liberty of the church was destroyed, and all true rule overthrown.
论罗马教皇制的起源和兴起，直到它达到一个高度，从而摧毁了教会的自由，并推翻了所有真正的统治。
Of the power of the church in articles of faith. The unbridled license of the papal church in destroying purity of doctrine.
论教会在信条方面的权力。教皇制教会在摧毁教义纯洁性方面的肆无忌惮。
Of councils and their authority.
论会议及其权威。
Of the power of making laws. The cruelty of the pope and his adherents, in this respect, in tyrannically oppressing and destroying souls.
论制定法律的权力。教皇 (pope) 及其追随者在这方面的残忍，他们暴虐地压迫和毁灭灵魂。
Of the jurisdiction of the church and the abuses of it, as exemplified in the papacy.
论教会的管辖权及其滥用，如教皇制所示。
Of the discipline of the Church, and its principal use in censures and excommunication.
论教会的纪律，及其在谴责和绝罚中的主要用途。
Of vows. The miserable entanglements caused by vowing rashly.
论许愿。因轻率许愿而造成的悲惨纠葛。
Of the sacraments.
论圣礼。
Of Baptism.
论洗礼。
Paedobaptism. Its accordance with the institution of Christ, and the nature of the sign.
婴儿洗礼 (Paedobaptism)。它与基督的设立以及标记的性质相符。
17.Of the Lord’s Supper, and the benefits conferred by it.
- 论主的晚餐，以及它所带来的益处。
Of the Popish mass. How it not only profanes, but annihilates the Lord’s Supper.
论罗马天主教的弥撒 (Popish mass)。它如何不仅亵渎，而且消灭了主的晚餐。
Of the five sacraments, falsely so called. Their spuriousness proved, and their true character explained.
论五个所谓的圣礼。证明其虚假性，并解释其真实性质。
Of civil government.
论民事政府。