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In 1835 my father began to write a series of annual articles, in review of the action of each successive General Assembly, in which he furnished a brief narrative of the proceedings, and discussed the doctrinal and ecclesiastical principles involved.
1835年，我的父亲开始撰写一系列年度文章，评论每一届总会（General Assembly）的行动，在其中祂提供了议事过程的简短叙述，并讨论了所涉及的教义和教会原则。
He contributed each of the articles of this series which appeared in the Princeton Review from 1835 to 1868, with the exception probably of that of 1841.
祂为本系列中的每一篇文章供稿，这些文章于1835年至1868年间刊登在《普林斯顿评论》（Princeton Review）上，可能除了1841年的那篇。
They, therefore, contain an exposition of his views of the fundamental principles underlying the constitution of the Church and its administration, and of the practical application of these principles to the various historical conditions experienced by the American Presbyterian Church during that long period.
因此，这些文章包含了祂对教会体制及其行政管理所依据之基本原则的阐述，以及在那个漫长时期内美国长老会所经历的各种历史条件下，这些原则的实际应用。
In 1845 he began to lecture to his classes in the Seminary on the topics embraced under the general head of Ecclesiology, and eventually lectured over the whole ground embraced in this department.
1845年，祂开始在神学院向他的班级讲授归于教会论（Ecclesiology）总标题下的主题，并最终讲授了这一部门所涵盖的全部内容。
At that time it was apparently his purpose to prepare for publication an exhaustive treatise on the subject, defending Presbyterian Church order in view of the present attitude of its Prelatic and Independent opponents.
那时，祂显然打算准备出版一部关于该主题的详尽论著，鉴于其主教制（Prelatic）和独立制（Independent）对手目前的立场，来捍卫长老会的教会体制（Church order）。
His manuscripts disclose the fact that these lectures were more than once rewritten, and articles substantially identical with several of them were published in the Princeton Review in successive years from 1846 to 1857.
祂的手稿揭示了这样一个事实：这些讲义被不止一次重写，其中几篇内容基本相同的文章于1846年至1857年间连续几年发表在《普林斯顿评论》上。
After the publicatoin of his Systematic Theology, he often expressed the desire that he might be permitted to complete that work by the addition of a fourth volume embracing the department of Ecclesiology; but he was prevented by the infirmities incident to his advanced age.
在祂的《系统神学》（Systematic Theology）出版之后，祂经常表达希望自己能被允许通过增加包含教会论部门的第四卷来完成那部著作；但由于年事已高带来的衰弱而未能如愿。
And it is with reluctance that his representatives now relinquish the hope of publishing these papers in a connected form, from the conviction that they have no right to publish in his name that which his own judgment regarded as too imperfectly elaborated.
正是带着不情愿，祂的代表们现在放弃了以连贯形式出版这些文稿的希望，因为他们确信，他们没有权利以祂的名义出版那些祂自己认为尚不够完善的著作。
In the meantime, the Rev. William Durant, of Albany, N. Y., an intelligent and enthusiastic pupil of my father, was struck with the vast amount of valuable discussion of Church principles and their practical applications, contained in these articles.
与此同时，纽约州奥尔巴尼的威廉·杜兰特牧师（Rev. William Durant, of Albany, N. Y.），一位睿智且热忱的父亲的学生，被这些文章中所包含的大量关于教会原则及其实际应用的宝贵论述所吸引。
He believed that if selections from these discussions were judiciously made and systematically grouped, a work of great value might be offered to the ministry, and to those intelligent laymen who are interested in the administration of ecclesiastical affairs.
他相信，如果对这些论述进行明智的选编并系统地归类，就可以为教牧人员以及那些对教会事务管理感兴趣的睿智平信徒（laymen）提供一部极有价值的著作。
He consequently accomplished this work with the cordial approval of my father.
因此，祂在我的父亲的衷心赞同下完成了这项工作。
After its completion, at the request of Mr. Durant, I subjected his work to a general review, and have now entire confidence in thus publicly testifying to my conviction that in the selection and arrangement of extracts, the reader of this work will have a fair, and, as far as the circumstances admit, an adequate exposition of my father’s views, expressed in his own language, on all the subjects set forth in the table of contents.
在工作完成后，应杜兰特先生的请求，我对他的作品进行了总体审阅，现在我完全有信心公开见证我的确信：在选材和摘录的编排方面，本书的读者将能公允地，并在情况允许的范围内，充分地领会到我父亲以其自己的语言，对目录中所列一切主题的观点阐述。
This table of contents itself discloses the wide range and the thorough analysis embraced in these discussions; and hence the very considerable contribution made in this volume to the elucidation of the subject set forth on its title page.
这个目录本身揭示了这些论述所涵盖的广泛范围和透彻分析；因此，本书对阐明其扉页上所列主题作出了相当大的贡献。
A. A. HODGE
A. A. 霍奇
PRINCETON, N. J., SEPT. 10TH, 1878
新泽西州普林斯顿，1878年9月10日
Table of Contents
目录
PREFACE
序言
PART I: PRELIMINARY PRINCIPLES
第一部分：基本原则
INTRODUCTORY NOTES TO “GENERAL ASSEMBLY” ARTICLES
“总会”文章的导言性说明
CHAPTER I: IDEA OF THE CHURCH
第一章：教会的理念
CHAPTER II: THEORIES OF THE CHURCH
第二章：教会的理论
CHAPTER III: VISIBILITY OF THE CHURCH
第三章：教会的有形性
CHAPTER IV: PERPETUITY OF THE CHURCH
第四章：教会的永存性
CHAPTER V: PRINCIPLES OF CHURCH UNION
第五章：教会联合的原则
CHAPTER VI: PROVINCE OF THE CHURCH
第六章：教会的管辖范围
CHAPTER VII: RELATION OF THE CHURCH AND STATE
第七章：教会与国家的关系
CHAPTER VIII: PRESBYTERIANISM
第八章：长老会主义
CHAPTER IX: THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND PRESBYTERIAN ORDERS
第九章：英格兰教会和长老会圣职（ORDERS）
CHAPTER X: PRESBYTERIAN LITURGIES
第十章：长老会礼拜仪式（LITURGIES）
PART II: APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES
第二部分：原则的应用
CHAPTER XI: HISTORY AND INTENT OF CONSTITUTION
第十一章：宪章的历史和意图
CHAPTER XII: A PARTICULAR CHURCH
第十二章：一间特定的教会
— 1. The Session says who are Church Members
—— 1. 长老会（Session）决定谁是教会成员
— 2. Validity of Romish Baptism
—— 2. 罗马教洗礼的有效性
— 3. Infant Members Subjects of Discipline
—— 3. 幼年成员是纪律（Discipline）的对象
— 4. Terms of Communion
—— 4. 交通（Communion）的条件
—- a. The Lord’s Table for the Lord’s People
—— a. 主的餐桌是为主的子民预备的
—- b. Credible Evidence of Conversion alone required
—— b. 只要求可信的归正（Conversion）证据
—- c. Temperance Question
—— c. 节制问题
—- d. Marriage Question
—— d. 婚姻问题
— 5. Dismission of Members to other Churches
—— 5. 将成员转到其他教会
— 6. Withdrawal from the Communion
—— 6. 退出交通
CHAPTER XIII: CHURCH OFFICERS
第十三章：教会职员
— 1. Title of Bishop
—— 1. 主教（Bishop）的称谓
— 2. Who may vote in the Election of a Pastor
—— 2. 谁可以投票选举牧师
— 3. Support of the Clergy
—— 3. 对教牧人员的供养
— 4. Warrant and Theory of Ruling Eldership
—— 4. 治理长老职分（Ruling Eldership）的根据和理论
— 5. Rights of Ruling Elders
—— 5. 治理长老的权利
— 6. Whether Ruling Elders may join in the Imposition of Hands when Ministers are ordained
—— 6. 治理长老是否可以在按立（ordained）牧师时参与按手
— 7. Significance of Laying-on of Hands
—— 7. 按手的意义
— 8.—Installation not essential to Validity of Eldership
—— 8. 就职（Installation）对长老职分的有效性并非必不可少
— 9. Right of Elders to exhort and expound the Scriptures
—— 9. 长老劝勉和解释圣经的权利
— 10.—Relative Powers of Elders and Deacons
—— 10. 长老和执事（Deacons）的相对权力
CHAPTER XIV: THE PRESBYTERY
第十四章：区会（Presbytery）
— 1. Quorum of Presbytery
—— 1. 区会的法定人数（Quorum）
— 2. Ordination by less than three Ministers
—— 2. 由少于三位牧师进行按立
— 3. Presbytery judges the Qualifications of Members
—— 3. 区会判断成员的资格
— 4. Length of Study before Ordination
—— 4. 按立前的学习期限
— 5. Ordination sine titulo
—— 5. 无职衔的按立（Ordination sine titulo）
— 6. Reordination
—— 6. 再次按立
— 7. Adoption of the Confession of Faith
—— 7. 采纳《信仰告白》（Confession of Faith）
—- a. In Reply to certain Strictures
—— a. 回应某些批评
—- b. In View of the Reunion
—— b. 鉴于合一（Reunion）
— 8. Church Membership of Ministers
—— 8. 牧师的教会成员身份
— 9. Ministers without Pastoral Charge
—— 9. 没有牧养职务的牧师
— 10. Demission of the Ministry
—— 10. 放弃圣职
— 11. Commissions of Presbyteries and Synods
—— 11. 区会和总会（Synods）的委员会（Commissions）
— 12. Supervision of vacant Churches
—— 12. 对空缺教会的监督
CHAPTER XV: THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
第十五章：总会
— 1. Commissioners:
—— 1. 特派员（Commissioners）：
—- a. Assembly judges the Qualifications of its Members
—— a. 总会判断其成员的资格
—- b. Disputed Elections
—— b. 有争议的选举
—- c. Irregular Commissions
—— c. 不合规定的委员会
—- d. Case of an Elder who had ceased to act
—— d. 一位已停止任职的长老的案例
—- e. Commissioners excluded pending Investigation
—— e. 在调查期间被排除的特派员
—- f. Reduction of Representation
—— f. 减少代表人数
— 2. Manner of Conducting Business
—— 2. 开展事务的方式
— 3. Power to act by Commission
—— 3. 通过委员会行事的权力
— 4. Decisions and Deliverances on Doctrines
—— 4. 关于教义的裁决和声明（Deliverances）
—- a. General Remark
—— a. 一般性评论
—- b. Testimony against Erroneous Publications
—— b. 对错误出版物的见证
—- c. Church Commentary on the Bible
—— c. 教会对圣经的注释
— 5. Superintendence
—— 5. 监督
—- a. Disposal of the Members of a dissolved Presbytery
—— a. 对解散的区会成员的处理
—- b. Exclusion of the Synod of Western Reserve
—— b. 将西储区会（Synod of Western Reserve）排除在外
—- c. Report on the Presbytery of Louisville
—— c. 关于路易斯维尔区会的报告
—- d. Power to remove Sentence
—— d. 撤销判决的权力
— 6. General Agencies
—— 6. 总机构（General Agencies）
—- a. Voluntary Societies and Church Boards
—— a. 志愿社团和教会事工委员会（Church Boards）
—- b. Warrant for the Boards
—— b. 事工委员会的根据
—- c. Relations of Boards to Presbyteries
—— c. 事工委员会与区会的关系
—- d. Board of Education may condition Aid on Length of Study
—— d. 教育事工委员会可以根据学习期限附加援助条件
—- e. Parochial Schools
—— e. 教区学校（Parochial Schools）
— 7. Correspondence with other Churches
—— 7. 与其他教会的通信往来
CHAPTER XVI: DISCIPLINE
第十六章：纪律
— 1. Revision of the Book
—— 1. 修订法典（Book）
—- a. Need of Revision
—— a. 修订的必要性
—- b. Effective Methods for Revision
—— b. 有效的修订方法
— 2. Citation of Judicatories
—— 2. 传唤审理机构（Judicatories）
— 3. Appeals and Complaints:
—— 3. 上诉（Appeals）和申诉（Complaints）：
—- a. Appeals in Cases not Judicial
—— a. 在非司法案件中的上诉
—- b. Review of a Decision that Appeals cannot lie except in Judicial Cases
—— b. 对“除非是司法案件，否则不能上诉”的裁决的复审
—- c. Legitimate Grounds of Complaint
—— c. 合法的申诉理由
—- d. In favor of a Commission to try Appeals and Complaints
—— d. 赞成设立委员会审理上诉和申诉
— 4. Decisions may confirm or reverse in part
—— 4. 裁决可以部分确认或部分推翻
— 5. Finality of the Assembly’s Judicial Decisions
—— 5. 总会司法裁决的终局性