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THE following discourse is intended, not merely as an answer to any particular book written against the doctrine of original sin, but as a general defense of that great important doctrine.
以下论述（discourse）的目的，不仅在于回应任何一本针对原罪（original sin）教义所写的特定书籍，而是作为对那个伟大而重要教义的全面辩护。
Nevertheless, I have in this defense taken notice of the main things said against this doctrine, by such of the more noted opposers of it, as I have had opportunity to read; particularly those two late writers, Dr. Turnbull, and Dr. Taylor of Norwich; but especially the latter, in what he has published in those two books of his, the first entitled, The Scripture-Doctrine of Original Sin Proposed to Free and Candid Examination; the other, his Key to the Apostolic Writings, with a Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistle to the Romans.
尽管如此，我在这篇辩护中已经注意到我曾有机会阅读的那些比较著名的反对者所说的反对这个教义的主要观点；特别是那两位近代的作者，特恩布尔博士（Dr. Turnbull）和诺威奇的泰勒博士（Dr. Taylor of Norwich）；但尤其关注后者，在祂出版的那两本书中所说的，第一本名为《原罪的圣经教义提议供自由坦诚的查验》（The Scripture-Doctrine of Original Sin Proposed to Free and Candid Examination）；另一本是祂的《使徒著作钥匙，附罗马书的意译和注释》（Key to the Apostolic Writings, with a Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistle to the Romans）。
According to my observation, no one book has done so much towards rooting out of these western parts of New England, the principles and scheme of religion maintained by our pious and excellent forefathers, the divines and Christians who first settled this country, and alienating the minds of many from what I think are evidently some of the main doctrines of the gospel, as that which Dr. Taylor has published against the doctrine of original sin.
根据我的观察，没有一本书像泰勒博士（Dr. Taylor）出版的反对原罪教义的著作那样，对拔除新英格兰西部地区我们虔诚而优秀的先辈，那些最早定居于此地的神学家和基督徒所持守的宗教原则和体系，以及疏远许多人对一些我认为是显而易见的福音主要教义的心意，造成如此大的影响。
The book has now for many years been spread abroad in the land, without any answer to it, as an antidote; and so has gone on to prevail with little control.
这本书已在本地传播多年，没有任何作为解毒剂的回应；因此它继续盛行，几乎不受制约。
I have indeed heard, that an answer to it has been published by Dr. Jennings of London: but never saw it, nor heard of its being in these American parts: so that, however sufficient it may be, it has been of no service to that purpose here.
我确实听说，伦敦的詹宁斯博士（Dr. Jennings of London）已经出版了一篇对它的回应：但我从未见过，也没有听说它存在于美洲地区：因此，无论它多么充分，在这里对那个目的都没有任何帮助。
And inasmuch as about fifteen years (if I mistake not) have elapsed, since Dr. Taylor’s piece has been in the hands of some, there is manifest need of some other antidote, for the sake of such as dwell in this part of the world.
鉴于泰勒博士（Dr. Taylor）的著作流传到一些人手中已有大约十五年（如果我没弄错的话），对于居住在世界这部分地区的人来说，明显需要另一种解毒剂。
The providing one is what I have attempted in the following work; wherein I have closely attended to that piece, in all its parts, and have endeavored that no one thing there said, of any consequence in this controversy, should pass unnoticed, or that anything which has the appearance of an argument in opposition to this doctrine should be left unanswered.
提供这样一种解毒剂就是我在以下著作中所尝试的；在其中，我紧密关注那篇著作的所有部分，并努力使其中所说的、在这次争论中具有任何重要性的论点都不会被忽略，或者任何看起来像是反对这个教义的论证都不会被置之不理。
I look on the doctrine as of great importance; which everybody will doubtless own it is, if it be true.
我认为这个教义非常重要；如果它是真的，无疑每个人都会承认其重要性。
For, if the case be such indeed, that all mankind are by nature in a state of total ruin, both with respect to the moral evil they are subjects of, and the afflictive evil they are exposed to, the one as the consequence and punishment of the other, then doubtless the great salvation by Christ stands in direct relation to this ruin, as the remedy to the disease; and the whole gospel or doctrine of salvation, must suppose it; and all real belief, or true notion of that gospel, must be built upon it.
因为，如果实际情况是：全人类在本质上处于全然毁灭（total ruin）的状态，无论是就他们所受的道德之恶（moral evil），还是他们所面临的苦难之恶（afflictive evil）而言，后者是前者的后果和惩罚，那么毫无疑问，基督的伟大救恩与这场毁灭直接相关，如同对疾病的疗方；并且整个福音或救恩的教义必须以此为前提；对那个福音的所有真实相信，或正确的观念，都必须建立在其上。
Therefore, as I think the doctrine is most certainly both true and important, I hope, my attempting a vindication of it, will be candidly interpreted, and that what I have done towards its defense, will be impartially considered, by all that will give themselves the trouble to read the ensuing discourse.
因此，既然我认为这个教义无疑既真实又重要，我希望我为之进行的辩护能得到坦诚的理解，并且我为之所做的辩护，能被所有愿意费心阅读接下来的论述的人公正地考虑。
N.B. I had finished my defense of the doctrine of original sin, and prepared the copy (as here you have it) for the press, and had wrote the preceding part of this preface, before I had received the least intimation of anything written or intended to be written, by the Rev. Mr. Niles, in answer to Dr. Taylor.
注意：我在完成对原罪教义的辩护，并准备好付印的稿件（如你在此所见），以及写完这篇序言的前一部分时，还没有收到任何关于可敬的奈尔斯先生（Rev. Mr. Niles）已撰写或计划撰写任何回应泰勒博士（Dr. Taylor）作品的消息。
But having heard, that his answer is chiefly confined to two parts of Dr. Taylor’s Scripture-Doctrine, without so particularly replying to the third part of that book, or the large Supplement; and it being the design of the following discourse to examine everything material throughout the whole book, and many things in that other book of Dr. Taylor’s, containing his Key and the Exposition on Romans; as also many things written in opposition to this doctrine by some other modern authors; and moreover, my discourse being not only intended for an answer to Dr. Taylor, and other opposers of the doctrine of original sin, but (as was observed above) for a general defense of that doctrine; producing the evidence of the truth of the doctrine, as well as answering objections made against it—considering these things, I say, I hope this attempt of mine will not be thought needless, nor be altogether useless.
但是，听说祂的回应主要局限于泰勒博士（Dr. Taylor）《圣经教义》的两部分，没有特别回应该书的第三部分或大量的附录（Supplement）；而接下来的论述旨在查验整本书中所有重要的内容，以及泰勒博士（Dr. Taylor）的另一本书中包含的祂的《钥匙》和《罗马书释义》中的许多内容；以及其他一些现代作者所写的反对这个教义的许多内容；而且，我的论述不仅旨在回应泰勒博士（Dr. Taylor）和原罪教义的其他反对者，而且（如上所述）旨在对那个教义进行全面辩护；既提出教义真实的证据，也回答针对它的异议—我说，考虑到这些因素，我希望我的这个尝试不会被认为是多余的，也不会完全无用。
And possibly, even in those parts, where the same subjects and arguments are handled by us both, the two books may receive light from each other, and may confirm one another; and so the common design be the better subserved.
而且，或许即使在我们俩都处理相同主题和论点的那一部分，这两本书也可以相互启发，相互印证；从而更好地服务于共同的目的。
I would also hope, that the extensiveness of the plan of the following treatise will excuse the length of it.
我也希望，以下论著（treatise）计划的广泛性能够使其篇幅之长得到谅解。
And that when it is considered, how much was absolutely requisite to the full executing of a design formed on such a plan; how much has been written against the doctrine of original sin, and with what plausibility; and how strong the prejudices of many are in favor of what is said in opposition to this doctrine; and that it can’t be expected, [that] anything short of a full consideration of almost every argument advanced by the main opposers, especially by this late and specious writer, Dr. Taylor, will satisfy many readers; and also, how much must unavoidably be said in order to [have] a full handling of the arguments in defense of the doctrine; and how important the doctrine must be, if true; I say, when such circumstances as these are considered, I trust, the length of the following discourse will not be thought to exceed what the case really required.
并且，当考虑到要完全实现基于这样一个计划而形成的目的，需要多少绝对必要的篇幅；有多少针对原罪教义的著作，以及它们具有何种貌似有理（plausibility）；以及许多人对反对这个教义的言论所持的偏见有多么强烈；而且可以预料，除非对主要反对者，特别是这位近代貌似有理的作者泰勒博士（Dr. Taylor），所提出的几乎每一个论点都进行充分的考量，否则许多读者将不会满意；而且，为了充分处理辩护这个教义的论点，又不得不说多少内容；以及如果这个教义是真的，它必须有多么重要；我说，当考虑到这些情况时，我相信，以下论述的篇幅不会被认为超出了实际情况所需要的。
However, this must be left to the judgment of the intelligent and candid reader.
然而，这必须留给明智和坦诚的读者去判断。
Stockbridge, May 26, 1757
斯托克布里奇（Stockbridge），1757年5月26日
Table of Contents
目录
AUTHOR’S PREFACE
作者序言
Part One. Wherein are considered some evidences of original sin from facts and events, as found by observation and experience, together with representations and testimonies of holy Scripture, and the confession and assertions of opposers
第一部分：论原罪的一些证据，来自观察和经验所发现的事实和事件，以及圣经（holy Scripture）的阐述和见证，以及反对者的承认和断言
CHAPTER I. The evidence of original sin from what appears in fact of the sinfulness of mankind
第一章：原罪的证据，来自人类罪性（sinfulness of mankind）的实际表现
CHAPTER II. Universal mortality proves original sin: particularly the death of infants, with its various circumstances
第二章：普遍的死亡率（Universal mortality）证明原罪：特别是婴儿的死亡及其各种情况
Part Two. Containing observations on particular parts of the holy Scripture, which prove the doctrine of original sin
第二部分：包含对圣经中证明原罪教义之特定部分的观察
CHAPTER I. Observations relating to things contained in the three first chapters of Genesis, with reference to the doctrine of original sin
第一章：与创世记前三章所含事物相关的观察，涉及原罪的教义
CHAPTER II. Observations on other parts of the holy Scriptures, chiefly in the Old Testament, that prove the doctrine of original sin
第二章：对圣经其他部分，主要在旧约中，证明原罪教义的观察
CHAPTER III. Observations on various other places of Scripture, principally of the New Testament, proving the doctrine of original sin
第三章：对圣经中其他各种地方，主要在新约中，证明原罪教义的观察
CHAPTER IV. Containing observations on Romans 5:12 to the end
第四章：包含对罗马书五12至末了的观察
Part Three. Observing the evidence given us, relative to the doctrine of original sin, in what the Scriptures reveal concerning the redemption by Christ
第三部分：观察圣经启示的关于基督救赎中，与原罪教义相关的证据
CHAPTER I. The evidence of original sin from the nature of redemption, in the procurement of it
第一章：原罪的证据，来自救赎的本质，在其取得方面
CHAPTER II. The evidence of the doctrine of original sin from what the Scripture teaches of the application of redemption
第二章：原罪教义的证据，来自圣经教导的关于救赎的应用
Part Four. Containing answers to objections
第四部分：包含对异议的回答
CHAPTER I. Concerning that objection, that to suppose men’s being born in sin, without their choice, or any previous act of their own, is to suppose what is inconsistent with the nature of sin
第一章：关于那个异议，即假设人生来就在罪中，不是出于他们的选择，或任何他们自己的先前行为，就是假设了与罪的本质不一致的事
CHAPTER II. Concerning that objection against the doctrine of native corruption, that to suppose men receive their first existence in sin, is to make him who is the Author of their being, the Author of their depravity
第二章：关于那个反对本性败坏（native corruption）教义的异议，即假设人以罪接受他们的初次存在（first existence），就是使祂，即他们存在的创造者（Author of their being），成为他们堕落（depravity）的创造者（Author）
CHAPTER III. That great objection against the imputation of Adam’s sin to his posterity considered
第三章：考量针对将亚当的罪归算（imputation）给祂后裔的那个巨大异议
CHAPTER IV. Wherein several other objections are considered, viz. That at the restoration of the world after the flood, God pronounced equivalent, or greater blessings on Noah and his sons, than he did on Adam at his creation
第四章：考量其他几个异议，即在洪水之后的世界复兴时，神对挪亚和祂的儿子们所宣告的福气，等同于或大于祂在创造亚当时所宣告的福气
Conclusion. Containing some brief observations on certain artful methods, used by writers who are adversaries of this doctrine, in order to prejudice their readers against it
结论：包含一些关于某些巧言方法（artful methods）的简短观察，这些方法被那些反对这个教义的作者用来使他们的读者对它产生偏见