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《异端与谬误》Heresies & Errors – Monergism

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    “Heresies & Errors” explores the spectrum of doctrinal errors that have challenged Christianity throughout history, offering readers a comprehensive guide to understanding and refuting these dangerous teachings.

    《异端与错误》探讨了历史上挑战基督教的各种教义错误,为读者提供了理解和反驳这些危险教导的全面指南。

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    This work examines both ancient and contemporary heresies, revealing how deviations from core Christian beliefs undermine the gospel and distort the truths upheld by Scripture, creeds, and confessions.

    这部作品研究了古代和当代的异端,揭示了偏离核心基督教信仰如何破坏福音并扭曲圣经、信经和信条所维护的真理。

    In accessible language, “Heresies & Errors” categorizes and explains a wide range of false doctrines, from denials of the Trinity and distortions of Christ’s nature to misinterpretations of salvation and Scripture’s authority.

    《异端与错误》用通俗易懂的语言对各种错误教义进行分类和解释,从否认三位一体和扭曲基督本性到误解救恩和圣经权威。

    Each chapter walks readers through the theological foundations that these heresies compromise, highlighting how orthodox Christian doctrine guards against error and preserves the true faith.

    每一章都引导读者了解这些异端所破坏的神学基础,强调正统基督教教义如何防范错误并保守真正的信仰。

    The book is thorough yet approachable, providing historical context and theological clarity, making it ideal for both lay readers and scholars.

    这本书既全面又易于理解,提供历史背景和神学清晰性,使其既适合平信徒读者也适合学者。

    Published by Monergism, “Heresies & Errors” equips readers with a solid grounding in biblical orthodoxy, encouraging discernment in a world where competing ideologies and novel teachings threaten to blur essential Christian doctrines.

    由一元论出版社出版,《异端与错误》为读者提供了扎实的圣经正统基础,在竞争意识形态和新颖教导威胁模糊基督教基要教义的世界中鼓励分辨力。

    More than just a catalog of wrong ideas, this book calls believers to “contend for the faith once for all delivered to the saints” (Jude 1:3), standing firm in the truth with knowledge, confidence, and humility.

    这本书不仅仅是错误思想的目录,它呼召信徒要”为从前一次交付圣徒的真道竭力争辩”(犹大书1:3),以知识、信心和谦卑在真理中站立得稳。

    Whether for individual study, church teaching, or personal edification, “Heresies & Errors” is an essential resource for those committed to upholding the integrity of the Christian faith.

    无论是个人研读、教会教导,还是个人造就,《异端与错误》都是那些致力于维护基督教信仰完整性的人的必备资源。


    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    目录

    Introduction

    引言

    Adamites – The belief that men could, through their practices, return to the state of innocence and purity that Adam and Eve enjoyed before the Fall.

    亚当派 – 相信人可以通过他们的实践,回到亚当和夏娃在堕落前所享有的纯真和纯洁状态。

    Adoptionism – The belief Jesus is not eternally God but became God sometime after His birth.

    嗣子论 – 相信耶稣不是永恒的神,而是在祂出生后的某个时候成为神。

    Annihilationism – The belief that, instead of suffering eternal punishment in hell, the wicked will ultimately be destroyed or cease to exist.

    灭绝论 – 相信恶人最终将被毁灭或不复存在,而不是在地狱中遭受永恒的刑罚。

    Conditional Immortality (CI) which is the belief that, instead of suffering forever in hell, the wicked will be destroyed both body and soul.

    有条件永生论,即相信恶人的身体和灵魂都将被毁灭,而不是在地狱中永远受苦。

    Antinomianism – The belief that Christians are not bound by God’s law and are free to sin as they please; that Jesus’ rescues from the guilt of sin but not its power.

    反律法主义 – 相信基督徒不受神的律法约束,可以随意犯罪;认为耶稣拯救人脱离罪的罪咎但不是罪的权势。

    Anti-Paulism – The belief that the Apostle Paul was a heretic and that the books he wrote are not a part of Biblical Canon.

    反保罗主义 – 相信使徒保罗是异端,他所写的书卷不是圣经正典的一部分。

    Apollinarianism – The belief that the Logos took that place of the rational human soul of Jesus.

    阿波利拿留主义 – 相信道取代了耶稣理性的人的灵魂的位置。

    Though Jesus was a man, He did not have a human mind but that the mind of Christ was solely divine.

    虽然耶稣是人,但祂没有人的理性,基督的理性完全是神性的。

    Apollinaris taught that the two natures of Christ could not coexist within one person.

    阿波利拿留教导基督的两种本性不能在一个位格中共存。

    His solution was to lessen the human nature of Christ.

    他的解决方案是减少基督的人性。

    Arianism – The belief that Jesus and the Holy Spirit were lesser, created beings and not persons of the Godhead.

    阿里乌主义 – 相信耶稣和圣灵是较小的受造物,而不是神格的位格。

    Black Hebrew Israelites (BHI) – A movement that asserts that African Americans, and sometimes other minority groups, are the true descendants of the ancient Israelites.

    黑人希伯来以色列人运动 – 一个声称非裔美国人,有时还包括其他少数群体,是古代以色列人真正后裔的运动。

    Christian Deism – The belief that God does not intervene in or interact with the world.

    基督教自然神论 – 相信神不干预或与世界互动。

    Christian Mysticism – Prioritizes direct, subjective spiritual experience as the source of truth.

    基督教神秘主义 – 优先考虑直接的、主观的属灵经历作为真理的来源。

    Critical Race Theory (CRT) – Introducing secular, materialistic frameworks into theological contexts, leading to gross distortions of the gospel.

    批判种族理论 – 将世俗的、物质主义的框架引入神学语境,导致对福音的严重扭曲。

    Docetism – The belief that Jesus was divine but only seemed to be human.

    幻影论 – 相信耶稣是神圣的,但只是看起来像人。

    Donatism – The Belief that the efficacy of the sacraments depends on character of the minister.

    多纳徒主义 – 相信圣礼的功效取决于施行者的品格。

    Dual Covenant Theology – The belief that Jews can still be saved without believing in Jesus.

    双重约论神学 – 相信犹太人仍然可以在不相信耶稣的情况下得救。

    Ebionites – A Jewish-Christian group which believed that Jesus did not exist before his birth and that God adopted him at his baptism.

    伊便尼派 – 一个犹太基督教群体,相信耶稣在出生前并不存在,神在祂受洗时收养了祂。

    Erastianism – Taking away from the church all discipline and government, and put it into the hands of the civil magistrate.

    伊拉斯特主义 – 从教会夺走所有纪律和治理,将其交到民事官员手中。

    Eutychianism – The belief that Jesus’ finite human nature is swallowed up in His infinite divine nature.

    欧迪奇主义 – 相信耶稣有限的人性被祂无限的神性所吞没。

    Federal Vision – Distorts several key areas of theology, particularly those related to covenant theology, justification, sacraments, and the relationship between faith and works.

    联邦异象 – 扭曲了神学的几个关键领域,特别是与圣约神学、称义、圣礼以及信心与行为之间关系相关的领域。

    Final Justification – The belief that a person’s ultimate justification before God, at the final judgment, is based on their covenant faithfulness or works, rather than on Christ’s righteousness alone.

    最终称义 – 相信一个人在神面前的最终称义,在最后审判时,是基于他们的圣约忠诚或行为,而不是单单基于基督的义。

    Finneyism – Theological ideas and methods associated with Charles Grandison Finney.

    芬尼主义 – 与查尔斯·格兰迪森·芬尼相关的神学思想和方法。

    Gay Theology – The belief that homosexuality is not a sin. Consequently, the full gospel of rescue from sin’s tyranny is withheld from those who self-identify as “gay”.

    同性恋神学 – 相信同性恋不是罪。因此,从罪的暴政中拯救的完整福音被扣留,不给那些自认为是”同性恋”的人。

    Gnosticism – Holds to a radical dualism of good and evil and believes secret knowledge is necessary for salvation. This contrasts sharply with Christianity which affirms the good of creation. Gnostics think matter is evil.

    诺斯替主义 – 坚持善恶的激进二元论,相信秘密知识对救恩是必要的。这与肯定受造物良善的基督教形成鲜明对比。诺斯替主义者认为物质是邪恶的。

    Hyper-Calvinism – A theological error that distorts the doctrines of Calvinism, particularly those concerning God’s sovereignty, election, and human responsibility.

    极端加尔文主义 – 一种扭曲加尔文主义教义的神学错误,特别是关于神的主权、拣选和人的责任的教义。

    Hyper-Grace – A theological view that emphasizes God’s grace to the extent that it downplays or dismisses the need for ongoing repentance, confession, and sanctification in the Christian life.

    极端恩典论 – 一种神学观点,过分强调神的恩典,以至于淡化或否定基督徒生活中持续悔改、认罪和成圣的需要。

    Inclusivism – The belief that faith is not necessary for salvation and that God’s mercy is so wide that it embraces all non-Christian peoples on the earth.

    包容主义 – 相信信心对救恩不是必要的,神的怜悯如此宽广,以至于包括地上所有非基督徒民族。

    Kenosis – The belief that Jesus ceased to be divine while on Earth.

    虚己论 – 相信耶稣在地上时停止了神性。

    Keswick Theology – Or the Higher Life movement is a Protestant theological tradition within evangelical Christianity that espouses a distinct teaching on the doctrine of entire sanctification.

    开西克神学 – 或称高等生命运动,是福音派基督教内的新教神学传统,倡导关于完全成圣教义的独特教导。

    Kinism – Combines elements of Christian theology with racial separatism, advocating for the social and religious separation of races based on a supposed biblical mandate.

    血统主义 – 将基督教神学元素与种族分离主义相结合,基于所谓的圣经命令倡导种族的社会和宗教分离。

    Legalism – Trusting in one’s own righteousness (or anything) aside from Jesus to win acceptance with God.

    律法主义 – 信靠自己的义(或任何事物)而不是耶稣来赢得神的接纳。

    Liberalism – The belief that Scripture is not inerrant or infallible (Not to be confused with the political system of the same name).

    自由主义 – 相信圣经不是无误或无谬的(不要与同名的政治制度混淆)。

    Liberation Theology – Blends Marxist social analysis with Christian theology.

    解放神学 – 将马克思主义社会分析与基督教神学相结合。

    Limited Theism – The belief that God’s powers are or can be limited and He is not All-Powerful.

    有限有神论 – 相信神的能力是或可以被限制的,祂不是全能的。

    Marcionism – The belief that the God of the O.T. is evil and the God of the N.T. is good. Affirms 11 books in the Canon.

    马吉安主义 – 相信旧约的神是邪恶的,新约的神是良善的。肯定正典中的11卷书。

    Marxist-Inspired Theologies – A set of theologies that incorporate Marxist ideas about class struggle and power dynamics, applying them to Christian concepts of liberation and justice.

    马克思主义启发的神学 – 一套融合马克思主义关于阶级斗争和权力动态思想的神学,将其应用于基督教的解放和正义概念。

    Macedonianism – The belief that God the Holy Spirit is not a member of the Godhead but merely a creation of God.

    马其顿主义 – 相信神圣灵不是神格的成员,而仅仅是神的受造物。

    Manichaeism – The belief that good and evil are both equally powerful in ability and/or authority.

    摩尼教 – 相信善与恶在能力和/或权威上都同样强大。

    Modalism – The belief that the members of the Trinity are not three distinct persons but three different aspects of the same person.

    形态论 – 相信三位一体的成员不是三个不同的位格,而是同一位格的三个不同方面。

    Molinism – A theological framework developed by Roman Catholic Luis de Molina in the late 16th century to reconcile divine sovereignty and human free will.

    莫利纳主义 – 16世纪末由罗马天主教徒路易斯·德·莫利纳发展的神学框架,旨在调和神的主权和人的自由意志。

    Monarchianism – The belief that God is one person.

    神格唯一论 – 相信神是一个位格。

    Monophysitism – The belief that Jesus had only one nature: divine.

    基督一性论 – 相信耶稣只有一个本性:神性。

    Monothelitism – The belief that Jesus Christ had only one will (divine), rather than two wills (divine and human).

    基督一志论 – 相信耶稣基督只有一个意志(神性),而不是两个意志(神性和人性)。

    Montanism – The belief that the Bible is either insufficient or incomplete, and that new revelation from God is being regularly given.

    孟他努主义 – 相信圣经是不充分或不完整的,神正在定期给出新的启示。

    Moralistic Therapeutic Deism – The new American Religion.

    道德治疗性自然神论 – 新的美国宗教。

    Neo-Orthodoxy – The belief that the Bible is not the Inspired Word of God unless it is being read by a believer.

    新正统主义 – 相信圣经不是神所默示的话,除非被信徒阅读。

    Neoplatonism – The belief that all existence consists of emanations from the One with whom the soul may be reunited.

    新柏拉图主义 – 相信所有存在都由从太一流出的流出物组成,灵魂可能与太一重新结合。

    Nestorianism – The belief that Jesus was two persons.

    聂斯脱里主义 – 相信耶稣是两个位格。

    New Perspective on Paul (NPP) – A modern theological movement that reinterprets the writings of the Apostle Paul, particularly his teachings on justification, the law.

    保罗新观 – 一个现代神学运动,重新解释使徒保罗的著作,特别是他关于称义和律法的教导。

    Open Theism – The belief that God is not omniscient and doesn’t know the future.

    开放有神论 – 相信神不是全知的,不知道未来。

    Papal Primacy – The belief that the Pope is the head of the Church while it is on Earth as well as the vicar of Christ.

    教皇首位权 – 相信教皇是教会在地上的头,也是基督的代理。

    Partialism – The belief that each member of the Trinity is 1/3 of God rather than being fully God.

    部分论 – 相信三位一体的每个成员是神的1/3,而不是完全的神。

    Pelagianism – The belief that human nature is untainted by the Fall of Man and is not corrupted with Original Sin.

    伯拉纠主义 – 相信人性没有被人的堕落玷污,没有被原罪败坏。

    Perfectionism – The belief that teaches that Christians can achieve sinless perfection in this life.

    完美主义 – 教导基督徒可以在今生达到无罪完美状态的信念。

    Pluralism – The belief that two or more religions can be true at one time.

    多元主义 – 相信两个或更多宗教可以同时为真的信念。

    Positive Thinking – The belief that your thoughts have the God-like ability to create your reality.

    积极思维 – 相信你的思想具有如神一般创造现实的能力的信念。

    Prosperity Gospel – The belief that the promises of the Gospel include good physical health and Earthly wealth.

    成功神学 – 相信福音的应许包括良好的身体健康和地上财富的信念。

    Progressive Christianity – A post-modern theological approach, a revisionist view of the Scriptures, with a strong focus on social justice and an over-emphasis on politics.

    进步基督教 – 一种后现代神学方法,对圣经的修正主义观点,强烈关注社会正义并过分强调政治。

    Rooted in Liberal Christianity of the modern-era.

    根植于现代自由基督教。

    Provisionism – – A modern theological system within Southern Baptist circles that shares theological similarities with semi-Pelagianism, notably in its denial of the necessity for the Holy Spirit to work any inner grace—whether regenerative or prevenient—to enable faith.

    预备论 – 南浸信会圈子内的现代神学体系,与半伯拉纠主义有神学相似性,特别是否认圣灵需要在内心施行任何恩典——无论是重生的还是预备的恩典——来使人能够相信。

    Provisionism teaches, rather, that the Holy Spirit operates solely through an external influence, illuminating the truth of the gospel, convicting of sin, and drawing all people who hear, making the gospel clearly understood without altering the individual’s inner nature or will, thereby leaving the response entirely to unregenerate human volition.

    预备论教导,圣灵仅仅通过外在影响运作,光照福音的真理,使人知罪,吸引所有听见的人,使福音被清楚理解,而不改变个人的内在本性或意志,从而将回应完全留给未重生的人的意志。

    Quakers – A Christian movement founded in the 17th century that emphasizes inner spiritual experience.

    贵格会 – 成立于17世纪的基督教运动,强调内在属灵经历。

    Emphasized pacifism and social justice, while rejecting traditional sacraments, ordained clergy, and formal church structures.

    强调和平主义和社会正义,同时拒绝传统圣礼、按立的圣职人员和正式的教会结构。

    Quietism – The belief that human efforts in spiritual growth and sanctification are unnecessary, and that believers should passively yield to God’s will, waiting for divine grace to work in them apart from any personal action.

    静寂主义 – 相信人在属灵成长和成圣中的努力是不必要的,信徒应当被动地顺服神的旨意,等待神的恩典在他们里面做工,不需要任何个人行动。

    Rauschenbuschism (the social gospel) – The belief that the main purpose of the Gospel is to be the cure for social issues rather than the forgiveness of sins and reconciliation with God.

    劳申布什主义(社会福音) – 相信福音的主要目的是治愈社会问题,而不是罪的赦免和与神的和好。

    Relativism – The belief that multiple religions can lead to God or that no single religion holds the exclusive truth.

    相对主义 – 相信多种宗教可以通向神,或者没有单一宗教拥有排他性真理的信念。

    Roman Catholicism – Roman Catholicism violates scripture in its doctrine of salvation, its claims about its authority, its apostolic succession, its priesthood, and its claim to have the sole right to interpret Scripture.

    罗马天主教 – 罗马天主教在其救恩教义、权威声称、使徒统绪、祭司职分,以及声称拥有解释圣经的唯一权利方面违背了圣经。

    Sacralism – Sacralism is the belief in the fusion of religious and political authority, where the state enforces religious conformity and the church holds sway over civil governance.

    圣化主义 – 圣化主义是相信宗教和政治权威融合的信念,国家强制宗教一致性,教会控制民事治理。

    Semi-Pelagianism – The belief that man and God cooperate to achieve man’s salvation (with man initiating).

    半伯拉纠主义 – 相信人和神合作来达成人的救恩(由人发起)。

    Socinianism – A Denial of the Trinity. The belief that Jesus is a deified man.

    索西尼主义 – 否认三位一体。相信耶稣是被神化的人。

    Spiritual but Not Religious (SBNR) – Values personal spirituality without adhering to organized religion, often blending elements from various traditions.

    有灵性但非宗教 – 重视个人灵性而不坚持有组织的宗教,经常混合来自各种传统的元素。

    Subordinationism – The belief that the Son is lesser than the Father in essence and or attributes.

    次位论 – 相信圣子在本质和/或属性上低于圣父。

    Theistic Evolution – Theistic evolution is a view that attempts to reconcile evolutionary science with belief in the God of the Bible.

    有神进化论 – 有神进化论是试图调和进化科学与相信圣经之神的观点。

    Trinitarian Heresies – Here is list of major heresies which deny the biblical teaching on the Trinity.

    三位一体异端 – 这里是否认圣经关于三位一体教导的主要异端列表。

    Tritheism – The belief that the Godhead is actually three separate gods.

    三神论 – 相信神格实际上是三个分离的神。

    Universalism – The belief that everyone will go to Heaven.

    普救论 – 相信每个人都会上天堂。

    Word of Faith – The belief that human words have the God-like power to create or destroy.

    信心话语 – 相信人的话语具有如神一般创造或毁灭的能力。